Aerobiología de polen del olivo en las ciudades de Tacna y Arica y su relación con las enfermedades alérgicas respiratorias / Olive pollen aerobiology in Tacna and Arica cities and it is relation with the allergic respiratory diseases

Medir la concentración del polen en la atmósfera se ha convertido en objeto de interés a nivel mundial debido al aumento de las enfermedades alérgicas, ya que en muchas personas es causa de polinosis. Objetivos: se centró en la elaboración de un calendario de polen del olivo, basado en medir su concentración en las ciudades de Tacna (desde 2015 al 2018) y Arica (periodo 2018), y determinar la prevalencia de resultados positivos para extracto alergénico de polen del olivo en pacientes con síntomas de rinitis y/o asma provenientes de las ciudades de Tacna y Arica (periodo 2015-2018). Métodos: Se midió la concentración de polen, mediante el método volumétrico tipo Hirst, según estándares establecidos por el comité de aerobiología de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (SEAIC). Se incluyó una muestra total de 350 sujetos con síntomas respiratorios (200 de Tacna y 150 de Arica). Resultados: En Tacna, en 2015, 2016, 2017 y 2018, la concentración máxima de polen de olivo fue de 246 granos/m3 ; 110 granos/m3 ; 78 granos/ m3 y 688 granos/m3 respectivamente. En Arica en 2018, la concentración máxima de polen del olivo fue de 318 granos/ m3 . Se encontró que un 34% (68/200) y un 28% (42/150) de sujetos con síntomas respiratorios estaban sensibilizados u obtuvieron pruebas positivas al extracto de polen del olivo en sujetos de las ciudades de Tacna y Arica respectivamente. Conclusión: En ambas ciudades las concentraciones máximas de polen del olivo se encontraron principalmente entre los meses de septiembre a noviembre, siendo octubre el mes de mayores conteos. Se identificó sujetos alérgicos por test cutáneo al polen del olivo en las ciudades de Tacna y Arica.

The measurement of the concentration of pollen in the atmosphere has become an object of interest worldwide for the increase of allergy diseases, since in many people it is the cause of pollinosis. Objectives: focused on the elaboration of a calendar of olive tree pollen based on the measurement of the pollen concentration in Tacna (since 2015 to 2018) and Arica (period 2018) cities, and to determine the prevalence of positive results for allergenic extract of olive pollen in patients with symptoms of rhinitis and / or asthma, who came from Tacna and Arica cities (period 2015 to 2018). Methods. The pollen concentration was measured using the volumetric method according to standards established by the Aerobiology Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC), we included 350 subjects (200 from Tacna and 150 from Arica). Results: In Tacna, in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the maximum concentration of olive pollen was 246 grains/m3; 110 grains/m3; 78 grains/m3 and 688 grains/m3 respectively. In Arica in 2018, the maximum concentration of olive pollen was 318 grains/m3. We found 34% (68/200) and 28% (42/150) were sensitized or results positive test to the olive pollen extract in subjects with respiratory symptoms from Tacna and Arica cities respectively. Conclusion: The olive pollen in the atmosphere of Tacna and Arica is mainly concentrated in the months of September to November, being October the month with higher count. Allergic subjects were identified by skin test to olive pollen in Tacna and Arica cities.

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity for Executive Function Assessment in Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Elderly Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of a performance-based executive function assessment, the Chinese Version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-C), in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods:From July to August, 2020, 55 community-dwelling adults aged 41 to 89 years participated in this study. A total of 30 participants were evaluated with the WCPA-C version A. After two weeks and four weeks, they were retested with version B and version A, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. All the participants were divided into the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (n = 37) and normal cognition (NC) group (n = 18) according to the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The results of WCPA-C between two groups were compared. Results:There were four participants lost, and 26 participants completed all three tests. Except the planning time, the ICCs were 0.43~0.78 between the first and the second tests, and were 0.50~0.80 between the second and the third tests. WCPA-C results were significant different between two groups (Z > 1.288, P < 0.05), except the total time and the planning time (Z < 1.641, P > 0.05). Conclusion:WCPA-C demonstrats satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults.

Reliability of Chinese Version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity for an Executive Function Assessment in College Students / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the intrarater and interrater reliability of Chinese version of Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-C) as evaluating the executive function in college students. Methods:From August to November, 2019, 55 college students aged 18 to 30 participated in this study. One rater evaluated all the subjects with WCPA-C and retested two weeks later. Two raters evaluated 31 of the subjects with WCPA-C. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for intrarater and interrater. Results:Two cases dropped out. The ICCs of the indexes were 0.45 to 0.89 for intrarater excepted Total Errors, and they were better from the second assessment than the first time. The ICC for interrater was 0.84 to 1.00. Conclusion:WCPA-C is well interrater reliable for the healthy college students in China, however, there may be learning effect as interval of two weeks.

Urinary stone composition analysis of 15 269 cases from a single center / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and changing tendency of urinary tract stones.Methods From January 2011 to May 2017,clinical data of 15 269 patients treated in our center was retrospectively reviewed.The stone components were detected by the automatic stone infrared spectroscopy system and the predominant components were recorded.There were 9 019 male patients and 6 250 female patients.The patients were divided into four groups according to their age,including group A ≤ 18 years;group B 19-40 years;group C 41-60 years;and group D ＞ 60 years.Compared the distribution characteristics of urinary tract stones of patient in different groups of sex,age and calendar year.Results Calcium oxalate stones were more prevalent in males than females [6 221 (69.0％)vs.3 582 (57.3％),P ＜ 0.001],but calcium phosphate stones [210 (3.4％) vs.210 (2.3％)],magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [230(3.7％) vs.165 (1.8％)] and carbonate apatite stones [1 328 (21.3％) vs.1 030 (11.4％)] were more common in females than males (P ＜ 0.001,respectively).The proportion of uric acid stones in group D [679(20.7％)] was higher than that in group A [23(9.1％)],group B[260(7.9％)],group C [1 163 (13.8％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).The peak of carbonate apatite stones was showed in group B [652(19.7％)] (P＜0.001,respectively).Ammonium urate stones [9(3.5％)] and cystine stones [36 (14.2％)] were more frequent in group A(P ＜0.001,respectively).In adults,the percentage of uric acid stones increased with age,such as group B [260(7.9％)],group C [1 163(13.8％)],group D [679 (20.7％)].And the carbonated apatite stones decreased with age,such as group B [652 (19.7％)],group C [1 270(15.1％)],group D [416(12.7％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).Further analysis showed the proportion of calc ium oxalate (OR =0.944,95 ％ CI 0.927-0.962,P ＜ 0.001),ammonium urate stones (OR =0.854,95％ CI 0.742-0.982,P =0.027) decreased,while calcium phosphate (OR =1.192,95％ CI 1.127-1.261,P ＜0.001),uric acid (OR =1.042,95％ CI 1.015-1.069,P =0.002) and ammonium magnesium phosphate (OR =1.078,95％ CI 1.019-1.141,P =0.009) stones increased with time.Conclusions The distribution of stones was different in genders and age.Calcium oxalate stones were more common in male patients,while ammonium magnesium phosphate and carbonate apatite stones were more common in female patients.Uric acid stones were more frequent in patients older than 60,while carbonate apatite were more frequent in the 19-40 age group.The proportion of calcium oxalate and ammonium urate stones showed a downward trend,whereas calcium phosphate,uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones increased with time.

Effect of"hormone calendar"on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To improve the effect on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients. Methods The convenience sampling method was used by selecting 230 hospital patients as control group between January to December, 2015 and another 152 patients in the hospital between January and December 2016 as experimental group. After discharge, the experimental group was treated with auxiliary hormone drugs,"hormone calendar"method, and the control group with the conventional education. The two groups were compared in terms of compliance in hormone taking, error in medication error and disease recurrence. Results About 2 months and 4 months after discharge, compliance with medication of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. The error rate of medication and the recurrence rate were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion"hormone calendar"can enhance the medication compliance of hormonal medication, reduce the error rate of medication and recurrence rate, thus worth promoting.

Effect of"hormone calendar"on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To improve the effect on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients. Methods The convenience sampling method was used by selecting 230 hospital patients as control group between January to December, 2015 and another 152 patients in the hospital between January and December 2016 as experimental group. After discharge, the experimental group was treated with auxiliary hormone drugs,"hormone calendar"method, and the control group with the conventional education. The two groups were compared in terms of compliance in hormone taking, error in medication error and disease recurrence. Results About 2 months and 4 months after discharge, compliance with medication of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. The error rate of medication and the recurrence rate were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion"hormone calendar"can enhance the medication compliance of hormonal medication, reduce the error rate of medication and recurrence rate, thus worth promoting.

The Calendar Background of Five Yun and Six Qi / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To discuss the calendar background of Five Yun and Six Qi and know the background basis of Five Yun and Six Qi from the calendar feature of “ Nei Jing”. [Methods ] Using the method of documents index and collection and research to explore the form of calendar and the relationship between the manifestation mode and Five Yun and Six Qi in “ Nei Jing”, application of Yun Qi theory. [Results] The ancient calendar was created on the basis of astronomical phenomena,showing the change rule of the universe.The calendars in “ Nei Jing”conclude Taichu,Sifen,October Taiyang.Yun Qi theory flexibly uses the October Taiyang which is unified with Taichu and Sifen.The ways “ Nei Jing” display calendar are criterion measurement,clepsydra measuring time,sixty Jai Zi and so on.[Conclusion ]Five Yun and Six Qi built on the basis of calendar Taichu, Sifen, October Taiyang and the interpretation of calendar background has great significance on the study of Yun Qi theory.

Caracterización de algunos aspectos de la reunión de preparación metodológica en la asignatura Morfofisiopatología Humana I / Characterization of some aspects of the methodological preparation meeting in Human Morphophysiopathology I subject

Objetivo: caracterizar algunos aspectos de la reunión metodológica en la asignatura de Morfofisiopatología Humana I (MFPHI). Métodos: investigación descriptiva en el marco de la educación médica, en el área de Salud Integral Comunitaria "Dr. Leonidas Ramos", Guanare, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 15 profesores, se entrevistó a 3 informantes clave y se observaron 7 reuniones de preparación metodológica. Se hizo revisión documental y bibliográfica. Resultados: el 100 % de los profesores respondió que siempre en las reuniones de preparación metodológica de la asignatura de MFPHI, se analizaba el cumplimiento y planificación de las actividades docentes de la semana anterior y próxima semana, también el cumplimiento del plan calendario, los resultados de las evaluaciones de los estudiantes, la disciplina y la autopreparación profesoral. Conclusiones: se identificaron aspectos positivos y algunas insuficiencias en las reuniones de preparación metodológica de la asignatura de Morfofisiopatología Humana I.

Objective: to characterize some aspects of the methodological meeting for Human Morphophysiology subject. Methods: descriptive research in the field of medical education carried out in "Dr Leonidas Ramos" comprehensive community health area in Guarare, Portuguesa state, Venezuela. Fifteen professors were asked to answer a questionnaire, three key informants were interviewed and seven methodological preparation meetings were monitored. A documentary and literature review was made. Results: all the professors answered that this type of meeting always analyzed the carrying out and planning of the teaching activities of the previous week and the following week as well as the fulfillment of the calendar schedule, the results of the evaluations of students, discipline and professor's self-preparation. Conclusions: positive and negative aspects of the methodological preparation meetings in Human Morphophysiology I subject were identified.

Actitud de las madres en el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación de niños menores de 6 años / Attitude of mothers regarding compliance with vaccination calendar

La finalidad de este estudio fue determinar la actitud de las madres hacia el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación de niños menores de 6 años en el servicio de hospitalización del hospital de niños Dr. Jorge Lizarraga, en Valencia, Estado Carabobo. Fue un estudio transversal, descriptivo, no experimental; se aplicó una encuesta, previa validación y consentimiento informado a 71 madres. Los datos fueron tabulados y graficados mostrándose frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. En los resultados se determinó que 94,4 % de las madres manifestó conocer el calendario de vacunas; 43% negó haber visto o escuchado mensajes sobre vacunación en el último mes; 40,8% desconoce la presencia de nuevas vacunas; 47,9% tiene la creencia de que las vacunas curan enfermedades en sus niños; 25,4% tiene creencias acerca de falsas contraindicaciones en la aplicación de vacunas; 56,3% ha presentado retraso en el cumplimiento de la dosis de alguna vacuna; 97,2% de las madres afirmó que deberían haber más centros de vacunación. En conclusión, se demostró que las madres refieren tener conocimiento acerca del calendario de inmunizaciones de sus hijos; así mismo, se observó falta de información a través de mensajes y/o programas educativos que reciben las madres y desconocimiento de éstas sobre nuevas inmunizaciones. Las madres presentan retraso en el cumplimiento de las vacunas de sus niños. Es necesario reforzar los procesos de educación y promoción de las vacunas, así como también crear más centros de vacunación.

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of mothers regarding compliance with the vaccination calendar of children less than 6 years of age in the pediatrics hospitalization service at the children hospital Dr. Jorge Lizarraga, in Valencia, Carabobo State. This was a descriptive cross-sectional, non-experimental study. A survey designed by the author was applied, after validation and informed consent to 71 mothers. The data was displayed in graphs and tabulated showing absolute frequencies and percentage. Results indicated that 94.4% of the mothers was aware of the calendar of vaccines; 43.0% denied having seen or heard messages on vaccination in the last month, at the time of the survey; 40.8% did not know the existence of new vaccines. Also, 47.9% had the belief that vaccines would cure diseases in their children. 25.4% had beliefs about false contraindications in the application of vaccines. 56.3% of the mothers were late at complying with the dose of some vaccine; 97.2% thought that more vaccination centers need to be created. In conclusion, it was shown that mothers are aware of the immunizations calendar of their children; also, a lack of information through educational messages and/or programs that the mothers receive was observed, as well as ignorance of the mothers on the existence of new immunizations. Mothers are late at complying with their children’s vaccines. It is necessary to reinforce the educational process on this issue, as well as the promotion of vaccines. Also, more vaccination centers need to be created.

Life Course Principle of “7 Injuries and 8 Benefits” in “Internal Classic” / 浙江中医药大学学报

The principle of “7 Injuries and 8 Benefits” of “Internal Classic” not only points to the sexual activity, but is the basis of human body time medicine, aging physique science, mental and organic medicine, reproducing and inheritance, infants health, senile health science, treatment and prevention science. It states about treatment and prevention research of common diseases and refractory diseases related with age, injury and benefits, physique, function, mental change concerning time, such as genetic diseases of pre-school children and youngsters, as well as early prevention of diseases caused by mentality.

The application of the f ive phases-ancient ten months'calendar in the theory of Inner Canon of Huangdi / 中华中医药杂志

The corresponding season of the ve zang-viscera is the important content of the correspondence between man and universe theory in the Inner Canon of Huangdi,and the corresponding season of the ve zang-viscera related to several modes of calendar.With the exception of the way that combine the ve zang-viscera with calendar which make use of criss and cross or divide into ve parts on 12 months of a year,the authors believe that the newly discovered ancient ten months' calendar had been showed clearly in the Inner Canon of Huangdi.The text of the Inner Canon of Huangdi that cannot be explained well in accordance with twelve months' calendar can be explained by ancient ten months' calendar,and the ancient ten months' calendar is the basis that the ve phases theory is derived from the concept of the ve seasons.

Discussion on astronomical background of yiyi calenders chronological era by heavenly stems and earthly branches / 中华中医药杂志

The traditional Chinese medicine deduces the 'Tianshi'based on the chronological era by heavenly stems and earthly branches,whose mechanism has been an eternal mystery.The references discussed the astronomical background of the chronological record of years by heavenly stems and earthly branches.In this paper,① A new law of the nature and human body is unitied was discovered.The relative position of the diurnal motion of the sun and the motion of five yao observed from the earth repeated with a precise period of 60 years,(1years,=360days).It lead the discussion of astronomical background for the chronological record of days and shichen by heavenly stems and earthly branches.② The yiyi calendar's chronological record of months by heavenly stems and earthly branches had the same astronomical background as the chronological record of years,i.e.the relative positions of yearly motion of the sun,the synodic month and the motion of five yao observed from the earth had an approximate cycle time of 60 years.③ The paper further discovered that the relative positions of the diurnal and yearly motion of the sun,the synodic month and the motion of five yao observed from the earth repeated every 240 years.This indicated the astronomical background for the fact that the yiyi calendar's sizhu heavenly stems and earthly branches group had a cycle time of 240 years.④ The traditional Chinese medicine should use the yiyi calendar's local time.